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''Prunus serotina'', commonly called black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a woody plant species belonging to the genus ''Prunus''. The species is widespread and common in North America and South America.〔〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕〔Morales Quirós, J. F. 2014. Rosaceae. En: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VII. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 129: 437–463〕〔Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. 〕 A mature black cherry can easily be identified in a forest by its very broken, dark grey to black bark, which has the appearance of very thick, burnt cornflakes. However, for about the first decade or so of its life, the bark is thin, smooth, and striped, resembling that of a birch. It can also quickly be identified by its long, shiny leaves resembling those of a sourwood, and by an almond-like odor released when a young twig is scratched and held close to the nose.〔This odor is the result of minute amounts of cyanide compounds produced and stored by the plant as a defense mechanism against herbivores. ()〕 Black cherry is closely related to the chokecherry (''Prunus virginiana''); chokecherry, however, is classified as a shrub or small tree and has smaller, less glossy leaves. ;Subspecies and varieties〔〔(Flora of North America, ''Prunus serotina'' Ehrhart, 1784. Black or rum cherry, cerisier tardif ou d’automne, merisier )〕 *''Prunus serotina'' var. ''alabamensis'' (C. Mohr) Little -southeastern United States *''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''capuli'' (Cav. ex Spreng.) McVaugh - central + southern Mexico, Central America, South America as far south as Argentina *''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''eximia'' (Small) McVaugh - Texas *''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (Elliott) McVaugh - Georgia *''Prunus serotina'' var. ''rufula'' (Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh - southwestern United States, northern + central Mexico *''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''serotina'' - Canada, United States, Mexico, Guatemala *''Prunus serotina'' var. ''serotina'' - Canada, United States, Mexico, Guatemala *''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''virens'' (Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh ==Ecology and cultivation== ''Prunus serotina'' is a pioneer species. In the Midwest, it is seen growing mostly in old fields with other sunlight-loving species, such as black walnut, black locust, and hackberry. Gleason and Cronquist (1991) describe ''P. serotina'' as "()ormerly a forest tree, now abundant as a weed-tree of roadsides, waste land, and forest-margins."〔Gleason, Henry A. and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. "Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, Second Edition." The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, New York. 910 pp.〕 It is a moderately long-lived tree, with ages of up to 258 years known, though it is prone to storm damage, with branches breaking easily; any decay resulting, however, only progresses slowly. Seed production begins around 10 years of age, but does not become heavy until 30 years and continues up to 100 years. Germination rates are high, and the seeds are widely dispersed by birds who eat the fruit and then excrete them. Some seeds however may remain in the soil bank and not germinate for as long as three years. All ''Prunus'' species have hard seeds that benefit from scarification to germinate (which in nature is produced by passing through an animal's digestive tract). ''P. serotina'' is also a host of caterpillars of various Lepidoptera (see List of Lepidoptera which feed on ''Prunus''). The eastern tent caterpillar defoliates entire groves some springs. ''Prunus serotina'' was widely introduced into Western and Central Europe as an ornamental tree〔Flora of NW Europe: (''Prunus serotina'' )〕 in the mid 20th century,〔Starfinger U. 1997. Introduction and naturalization of Prunus serotina in Central Europe. In: “Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe” (eds by J.H. Brock, M. Wade, P.Pysek, D. Green). Backhuys Publ. Leiden: 161-171.〕 where it has become locally naturalized.〔 It has acted as an invasive species there, negatively affecting forest community biodiversity and regeneration.〔Stypiński P. 1979. Stanowiska czeremchy amerykańskiej ''Padus serotina'' (Ehrh.) Borkh. w lasach państwowych Pojezierza Mazurskiego. Rocznik dendrologiczny. 32: 191-204.〕 ''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''capuli'' was cultivated in Central and South America well before European contact. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「prunus serotina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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